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Technical Interview Questions and Answers :: DBMS

    1 / 143

    What is Data Storage - Definition Language?
    Answer:

    The storage structures and access methods used by database system are specified by a set of definition in a special type of DDL called data storage definition language

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    2 / 143

    What is DML (Data Manipulation Language)?
    Answer:

    This language that enables user to access or manipulate data as organized by the appropriate data model.
    * Procedural DML or Low level: DML requires a user to specify what data are needed and how to get those data.
    * vNon-Procedural DML or High level: DML requires a user to specify what data are needed without specifying how to get those data.

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    3 / 143

    What is DML Compiler?
    Answer:

    It translates DML statements in a query language into low-level instruction that the query evaluation engine can understand.

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    4 / 143

    What is Query evaluation engine?
    Answer:

    It executes low-level instruction generated by compiler.

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    5 / 143

    What is DDL Interpreter?
    Answer:

    It interprets DDL statements and record them in tables containing metadata.

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    6 / 143

    What is Record-at-a-time?
    Answer:

    The Low level or Procedural DML can specify and retrieve each record from a set of records. This retrieve of a record is said to be Record-at-a-time.

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    7 / 143

    What is Set-at-a-time or Set-oriented?
    Answer:

    The High level or Non-procedural DML can specify and retrieve many records in a single DML statement. This retrieve of a record is said to be Set-at-a-time or Set-oriented.

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    8 / 143

    What is Relational Algebra?
    Answer:

    It is procedural query language. It consists of a set of operations that take one or two relations as input and produce a new relation.

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    9 / 143

    What is Relational Calculus?
    Answer:

    It is an applied predicate calculus specifically tailored for relational databases proposed by E.F. Codd. E.g. of languages based on it are DSL ALPHA, QUEL.

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    10 / 143

    How does Tuple-oriented relational calculus differ from domain-oriented relational calculus
    Answer:

    The tuple-oriented calculus uses a tuple variables i.e., variable whose only permitted values are tuples of that relation. E.g. QUEL
    The domain-oriented calculus has domain variables i.e., variables that range over the underlying domains instead of over relation. E.g. ILL, DEDUCE.

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