Technical Interview Questions and Answers :: C++
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The free subroutine frees a block of memory previously allocated by the malloc subroutine. Undefined results occur if the Pointer parameter is not a valid pointer. If the Pointer parameter is a null value, no action will occur. The realloc subroutine changes the size of the block of memory pointed to by the Pointer parameter to the number of bytes specified by the Size parameter and returns a new pointer to the block. The pointer specified by the Pointer parameter must have been created with the malloc, calloc, or realloc subroutines and not been deallocated with the free or realloc subroutines. Undefined results occur if the Pointer parameter is not a valid pointer
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Encapsulation.
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Abstraction is of the process of hiding unwanted details from the user.
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Encapsulation is binding of attributes and behaviors. Hiding the actual implementation and exposing the functionality of any object. Encapsulation is the first step towards OOPS, is the procedure of covering up of data and functions into a single unit (called class). Its main aim is to protect the data from out side world.
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Classes and objects are separate but related concepts. Every object belongs to a class and every class contains one or more related objects.
Ø A Class is static. All of the attributes of a class are fixed before, during, and after the execution of a program. The attributes of a class don't change.
Ø The class to which an object belongs is also (usually) static. If a particular object belongs to a certain class at the time that it is created then it almost certainly will still belong to that class right up until the time that it is destroyed.
Ø An Object on the other hand has a limited lifespan. Objects are created and eventually destroyed. Also during that lifetime, the attributes of the object may undergo significant change.
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Single entity showing multiple behaviours.
Example: Mobile can be used to take photos , internet usage,text documents creation etc.,
Two types of polymorphism 1.static polymorphism ( method over riding)
2. Dynamic polymorphism ( method over loading)
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No Discussion on this question yet!
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A scope resolution operator (::), can be used to define the member functions of a class outside the class.
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A virtual function allows derived classes to replace the implementation provided by the base class. The compiler makes sure the replacement is always called whenever the object in question is actually of the derived class, even if the object is accessed by a base pointer rather than a derived pointer. This allows algorithms in the base class to be replaced in the derived class, even if users don't know about the derived class.
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As the name suggests, the function acts as a friend to a class. As a friend of a class, it can access its private and protected members. A friend function is not a member of the class. But it must be listed in the class definition.