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Three wizards are seated in a circular room. A magician shall make hats appear on their heads, one hat per wizard. Hats are either black or white, chosen uniformly at random. A wizard cannot see his own hat. At the sound of a bell, all wizards react simultaneously. A wizard reacts by either announcing a color or keeping quiet. If at least one wizard makes an announcement and if all the announcements are correct, the Wizards have collectively won the game! Wizards are allowed to confer beforehand to devise a strategy. On average, can they win more than half the times the game is played?
Explanation :
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A wizard should keep quiet if he sees one black and one white hat. If he
sees two black hats, he should announce white. If he sees two white
hats, he should announce black. With this strategy, the probability of
winning the game is 3/4. Why? The game is lost only when all hats are
white or all hats are black. These events occur with probability 1/8
each.
