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Statement:
Should coal engines be replaced by electric engines in trains?
Arguments:
I. Yes. Coal engines cause a lot of pollution.
II. Yes. Electric engines are good on performance, easy to operate and low on maintenance.
III. No. India does not produce enough electricity to fulfil its domestic needs also.
AAll are strong
BOnly I and II are strong
COnly II and III are strong
DOnly I and III are strong
EOnly I is strong
Answer: Option B
Explanation:Clearly, electric engines shall be smoke-free and thus not cause pollution as the coal engines. They also run at higher speeds and perform better. Thus, both I and II hold strong. Argument III does not provide a convincing reason and hence does not hold strong.
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Statement:
Should all those who are convicted for heinous crimes like murder or rape, beyond all reasonable doubts be given capital punishment or death penalty?
Arguments:
I. No. The death penalty should be given only in very rare and exceptional cases.
II. Yes. This is the only way to punish such people who take others' lives or indulge in inhuman activities.
III. Yes. Such severe punishments only will make people refrain from such heinous acts and the society will be safer.
IV. No. Those who are repentant for the crime they committed should be given a chance to improve and lead a normal life.
AOnly II and IV are strong
BAll are strong
COnly III is strong
DOnly II and III are strong
EOnly I, II and III are strong
Answer: Option C
Explanation:Clearly, a person committing a heinous crime like murder or rape should be so punished as to set an example for others not to attempt such acts in future. So, argument III holds strong. Argument I is vague while the use of the word 'only' in argument II makes it weak. Also, it cannot be assured whether a criminal is really repentant of his acts or not, he may also exhibit so just to get rid of punishment. So, argument IV also does not hold.
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Statement:
Should the government ban all forms of protests including strikes and processions?
Arguments:
I. Yes. This is the only way to teach discipline to the employees.
II. No. Government cannot deprive its citizens of their basic rights.
III. Yes. This is the only way to ensure maximum productivity without disruption of work.
ANone is strong
BOnly I and II are strong
COnly II and III are strong
DOnly I and III are strong
EAll are strong
Answer: Option C
Explanation:Clearly, strike is not a means of indiscipline but only a practice in which the workers exercise their fundamental right to voice their protest against the atrocities of the management. So, argument I is vague while II holds. Also, the option of resorting to strikes often aggravates petty issues and disrupts work for long periods, thus affecting productivity. So, III also holds strong.
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Statement:
Should children be prevented completely from watching television?
Arguments:
I. No. We get vital information regarding education through television.
II. Yes. It hampers the study of children.
III. Yes. Young children are misguided by certain programmes featuring sex and violence.
IV. No. This is the only way to educate the masses.
AOnly I, II and III are strong
BOnly I is strong
COnly I, II and IV are strong
DOnly I and II are strong
EOnly I, III and IV are strong
Answer: Option B
Explanation:Clearly, television offers various educational programmes which are of great practical value to the students. So, it serves as a means (but it is not the 'only' means) to educate the masses. Thus, I holds strong while IV does not. Besides, the demerits of watching television, mentioned in II and III, may be done away with by allowing children to watch selected programmes on television, according to a set schedule. So, neither II nor III holds strong.
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Statement:
Should mercy death be legalized, i.e., all those who are suffering from terminal diseases be allowed to end their lives if they so desire?
Arguments:
I. No. Nobody should be allowed to end his/her life at his/her will as this goes against the basic tenets of humanity.
II. Yes. Patients undergoing terrible suffering and having absolutely no chance of recovery should be liberated from suffering through mercy death.
III. No. Even mercy death is a sort of killing and killing can never be legalized.
ANone is strong
BOnly I and II are strong
COnly II and III are strong
DOnly I and III are strong
EAll are strong
Answer: Option E
Explanation:Clearly, mercy death will serve as a liberation to those to whom living is more difficult and painful. But then, it is an inhuman act and does not appeal. So, both arguments II and III hold strong. Besides, it becomes our moral duty to encourage such people to live their lives to the fullest and support them through the crisis/and not demoralize them by allowing them to die if they wish to. Hence, argument I also holds strong.
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Statement:
Should seniority be the only criterion for the promotion?
Arguments:
I. No. It would be an injustice to those juniors who are more deserving and suitable for higher positions than their senior counterparts.
II. Yes. Otherwise senior employees do feel humiliated.
III. Yes. Senior employees are more experienced and must be rewarded for the same.
ANone is strong
BOnly I is strong
COnly I and III are strong
DOnly I and II are strong
EAll are strong
Answer: Option B
Explanation:In an organization, what matters most is productivity and to ensure productivity, the organization needs to have effective managers and innovative, devoted and hard-working employees. Thus, the capability of the individual should be the only criterion for promotion. So, only argument I holds strong, while II and III do not.
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Statement:
Should there be reservation of jobs in the organizations in the private sector also as in the public sector undertakings in India?
Arguments:
I. Yes. This would give more opportunities of development to the weaker sections of the society and thus help reduce the gap between the affluent and the downtrodden in India.
II. No. The private sector does not get any government assistance and therefore they should not be saddled with such policies.
III. No. Nowhere else in the world such a practice is being followed.
IV. No. The management of the private sector undertaking would not agree to such compulsions.
AOnly I is strong
BOnly I and II are strong
COnly I, II and IV are strong
DOnly I and IV are strong
EAll are strong
Answer: Option A
Explanation:The reservation of jobs in the private sector too would surely increase opportunities for weaker sections to improve their economic plight. Thus, argument I is strong enough. Also, private sector companies work on a good profit margin and they can and will have to accommodate such a policy if implemented. So, neither II nor IV holds strong. Further, just imitating other countries holds no relevance. So, argument III also does not hold.
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Statement:
Should workers/employees be allowed to participate in the management of factories in India?
Arguments:
I. Yes. It is the present management theory.
II. No. Many workers are illiterate and so their contributions will not be of any value.
III. Yes. Employees-owned companies generally have higher productivity.
IV. No. Employee-union ownership drives up salaries and wages.
AOnly I and II are strong
BNone is strong
COnly II and III are strong
DAll are strong
ENone of these
Answer: Option C
Explanation:Argument I in support does not provide a valid reason for the pursuance of the policy. So, it is vague. Argument II provides a valid reason, as literacy is an essential criteria to take proper decisions on policy matters regarding management of factories. Besides, workers, if involved in management, would surely be motivated to work more devotedly, thus enhancing productivity. So, both II and III follow. IV provides a reason too feeble in the light of facts given in II and III. So, IV also does not hold strong.
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Statement:
Should women be given equal opportunity in the matter of employment in every field?
Arguments:
I. Yes. They are equally capable.
II. No. They have to shoulder household responsibilities.
III. Yes. They should also go into the outside world.
AOnly I is strong
BOnly I and II are strong
COnly II and III are strong
DOnly I and III are strong
EAll are strong
Answer: Option D
Explanation:In present times, women are being imparted education at par with the men and are capable of competing with them in all professions and fields. So, argument I holds. Also, women cannot be confined to the household and kept away from the challenges of the outside world against their will. They too have the right to be self-dependent. Besides, present-day women are well looking to outside jobs together with the household jobs. So, argument III holds while II does not.
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Statement:
Should government established higher level Institutes of Technology (IIT's) be privatized?
Arguments:
I. Yes. Privatization will make these institutes financially healthy, competitive and quality conscious.
II. Yes. Privatization is the key of the new era - can we survive without it?
III. No. Standard of education of these institutes will fall.
ANone is strong
BAll are strong
COnly I is strong
DOnly I and III are strong
EOnly II and III are strong
Answer: Option C
Explanation:Clearly, privatization leads to betterment in a bid to win over the others in the field and earn both good reputation and money. So, argument I holds strong. Besides, privatization cannot be opted for just because it is the present trend. Also, privatization would, in no way, deteriorate the educational standards. So, neither II nor III holds.
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