Child labour
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Child labor is a narrower subset of economic activity and includes children below 15 years working in violation of international standards, specifically in regards to ILO Convention no 138 on minimum age. ILO stands for International Labor Organization founded by United Nations in 1919. Children in hazardous work represents any child less than 18 years working in hazardous conditions, which may include children working in mining and construction, working with heavy machinery, exposed to pesticides, and children under 18 years working 43 hours or more in a week. The ILO and UNICEF jointly developed the rapid assessment methodology to investigate the worst forms of Child Labor. Decades later in 1993, the ILO's International Programmer on the Elimination of child labor (IPEC) together with Bureau of Statistics embarked on an ambitious undertaking to design and develop quantitative estimate of the magnitude of child labor.
Over 70 million children around the world work in hazardous conditions in agriculture, mining, domestic labor, Coco farms and other sectors. On tobacco farms, children work long hours in extreme heat, exposed to nicotine and toxic pesticides that can make them sick. In Africa , Asia and Latin america , child laborers in artisan and small scale gold mines work underground in pits that easily collapse and use toxic mercury to process the gold, risking brain damage and other serious health conditions.
Tobacco farming is a pillar of Zimbabwe's economy generating US $ 933.7 million in 2016. How ever Human rights watch research in 2016 and 17 into conditions on tobacco forms in Zimbabwe reveled an industry fainted by child labor and serious human rights problems.
Child laborers are vulnerable to abuse, and their families are often trapped in a cycle of poverty. In Indonesia there are incidences of child labor, minors are still performing hazardous tasks on oil palm and tobacco plantations and are also present in child trafficking. According to UNICEF an estimated 2.7 million children are involved in some form of child labor in Indonesia, and around half of them are under 13.
Dusty dirty and often barefooted boys holding empty tomato cans or plastic bowls are they beg for money remain. Based on existing data , Human rights watch estimate that more than 100000 Talibes living in Daaras across Senegal are forced to beg daily for money, food , rice or sugar. Thousands of these children live in conditions of extreme squalor, denied sufficient food and medical care. Many are also subjected to physical abuse and inhuman treatment.
Jewelry and watches denote wealth and status. Globally 90 million carats of rough diamonds and 1600 tons of gold are mined for jewelry every year. In India weddings generate approximately 50% of country's annual gold demand. For millions of workers, gold and diamond mining is an important source of income. Ghana, Philippines, Tanzania, Central African Republic and many poor countries have number of incidents where many children died or injured in mining. An estimated one million and possibly many more children work globally in artisan and small scale mining. Many work in deep, unstable pits, they suffer respiratory disease from inhaling dust, pain and back injury for lifting heavy rocks. They are exposed to toxic mercury, which is used for gold processing, and can cause lifelong brain damage.
More than 2 million children in the Ivory Coast and Ghana are being deprived of their childhoods , so that we can get our chocolate fix. Child labor doesn't happen because coco farmers don't want a bright future for their kids. main factors are poverty, don't make enough to support business, coco prices are low , yields low unable to pay adult laborers, leaving choice but to use children as labor. Children and young people are exposed to strenuous work, sharp tools, and pesticides. Lack of safety practices were noted. Sprains, strains, head injury, eye injuries, rashes and coughing happen.
In various countries and regions UNICEF and partners have strengthened child protection systems. Many communities are providing income to families, quality education and protective services. UNICEF is promoting many programs to eliminate child labor.
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