Water pollution causes and effects.
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Our earth is comprised primarily of water. Aquatic ecosystems cover more that two thirds of the earth's surface. And all life on earth as we know it relies on water to survive.
Water pollution is a very real threat to our survival. Its not only risk to humans health, but also planets and animals. According to World Wild Life " Pollution from toxic chemicals threatens life on this planet . Every ocean and every continent, from the tropics to polar regions is contained.
The types of water that get polluted are mainly surface water, ground water. Surface water- this is the most obvious type of water pollution. Surface water is the water that we can see, for example the oceans, rivers, wet lands and lakes. Ground water , a lot of water is stored underground in rock structures known as aquifers. These aquifers store the water as it travels and feeds into dams and rivers. Ground water is particularly suspected to non-profit source pollution. When ground water gets polluted it is extremely hard to reverse the damage done , as it sits far below the surface.
Causes of water pollution:
- Sewage water
- Industrial wastes
- Agricultural sources
- Marine pollution
- Underground water pollution.
Sewage water includes discharges from houses and other establishments. the sewage contains human and animal excreta, food residues, cleaning agents, detergents etc. Domestic and hospital sewage contain many undesirable pathogenic micro-organisms.
Industrial wastes like petroleum, paper, manufacturing, metal extraction and processing, chemical manufacturing etc. That contain toxic substances, notably heavy metals such as mercury, cadmium, copper lead, arsenic and a variety of organic compounds.
Agricultural sources. Agricultural runoff contains dissolved salts such as nitrates, phosphates, ammonia and other nutrients, and toxic metal ions and organic compounds. Fertilizers contain major plant nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. Excess fertilizers may reach the ground water by leaching or may be mixed with surface water. Pesticides includes insecticides, fungicides, herbicides etc. They contain a wide range of chemicals such as chlorinated hydrocarbons , metallic salts, carbonate etc.
Marine pollution- oceans are the ultimate sink of all natural and man-made pollutants. The sewage and garbage of coastal cities are also dumped into the sea. Other sources are discharged of oil, grease, detergents,radio active wastes, offshore oil mining, oil spills. Oil being lighter than water surface as a tin film cutting off oxygen to floating plants and other producers.
Underground water is threatened with contamination of industrial and municipal wastes. Pollutants of industrial and municipal wastes. Pollutants like fluorides, uranium, heavy metals and nutrients like nitrates and phosphates are common in many parts of world.
Effects of Water pollution
Domestic and hospital sewage contain many undesirable pathogenic microorganisms, and its disposal into water without proper treatment may cause on outbreak of serious disease. Metals like lead, zinc, arsenic, copper mercury cadmium affects humans and animals. Consumption of arsenic may lead skin cancer, mercury can cause deafness, blurring of vision and mental derangement and neurological syndrome. Lead poisoning may affect to anemia.Cadmium can cause a painful disease of bones and joints and cancer of lungs and liver.
Affects of water pollution on Aquatic ecosystems . Polluted water reduces dissolved oxygen content, thereby eliminates sensitive organisms like plantation, moll uses and fish etc. Fish , marine birds and other oceanic animals that have been affected by pollution have been known to become sick, diseased and in some cases born with deformities.
Plastic on marine is a huge problem. The plastic blown into the sea from littered beach or washed into the sea by stream-water , and ocean based pollution comes from garbage disposal at sea by ships. Over 1.5 to 2.4 million tonnes of plastic enters the oceans via rivers. With single-use food and beverage containers being one of the most common items found in studies. These plastic affect every part of oceans. Many animals that live on or in the sea consume by mistake. then blocking the digestive tracks passage of food lead to death of many animals. Domestic animals are also at risk.
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