Technical Interview Questions and Answers :: Java

1. Abstraction
2. Encapsulation
3. Inheritance
4. Polymorphism
5. Classes and Object

Inheritance means, we use the methods or function or other public members of the parent class by child class. So to do this we have to extend the the parent class through it child class.
For Ex:- Amitabh bacchan's fames inherited by his child Abhishek.

Program Ex:-

class A{
print(){
System.out.println("HELLLO ");
}}

class B extends class A{
public static void main(String... args){
A pr=new A();
pr.print();
}}

Things to remember:---
* Every class in java inherited by its parent class Object which is in the package:- java.lang.Object when the class is not extended by any child class only.
* Java does not support "Multiple Inheritance" except in the case of Interface Concept.
Because one class cannot extend more than one class but Interface able to extend more than one.

When an object is sent a message then it does not know itself what type it is, the runtime environment will decide about function calling over an object. This feature of connecting an object with its associated message at runtime is known as Polymorphism or Late binding or Dynamic binding.

Method Overloading:
A method with changed formal parameters will lead to implementing method overloading.
int calculateSum(int i,int j)
float calculateSum(float i,int j)
double calculateSum(double i,int j)
float calculateSum(int i,float j)

Method Overriding:
The method with the same signature but with changed implementation lead to method overriding and that can occur in a parent child relation of classes. A method defined in parent class can be overridden in its child class with different implementation from its base class.
1. Pointers are supported in C++ while not in Java. The memory management is done automatically with help of part of JVM called Garbage Collector.
2. Multiple inheritance is not supported in Java but supported in C++.
3. There are no structures and unions in Java.
4. There is no scope resolution operator in Java (::).
5. There are no destructors in Java like C++.
6. There is no virtual keyword in Java because all non-static method use dynamic binding.

super is a keyword in java used to refer to the base class in inheritance

No, an interface can't be instantiated. Interface is similar to class. Interface can only have abstract methods. A class can implement an interface.

A virtual function, equated to zero is called a pure virtual function. It is a function declared in a base class that has no definition relative to the base class. A class containing such pure function is called an abstract class.
It objectives are
• Provide some traits to the derived classes.
• To create a base pointer required for achieving run time polymorphism.

Constructor are similar methods that are called when an instance of the class is created. The constructor doesn't explicitly returns a value but it does constructs something that as an instance can be used for that class.

'super' keyword in Java is a reference variable which is used to access parent class objects.

'this' keyword is a reference variable which is used to access current objects.

'static' is a keyword available in Java. The variable that is declared as static, is called as class variable. All instances share the same copy of the variable.

Eg.: static int y=1;