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15. What is difference between process and thread, how communication happen between them. what is shared between them.

Answer:


  • Threads can directly communicate with other threads of its process; processes must use inter process communication to communicate with sibling processes.

  • Both process and threads are independent path of execution but one process can have multiple Threads.

  • Each process has its own code, data and kernel context (VM structures, descriptor table, etc). While the threads of a process, they share the same code, data and kernel context.

  • New threads are easily created. However the creation of new processes require duplication of the parent process.

  • Threads are created using clone() method. Process are created using fork() method.

  • Processes are heavily dependent on system resources available while threads require minimal amounts of resource, so a process is considered as heavyweight while a thread is termed as a lightweight process.

  • Context switch between the threads are not much time consuming. Context switch between the process is time consuming.

  • Processes never share the same memory. When a child process creates it duplicates the memory location of the parent process. Process communication is done by using pipe, shared memory, and message parsing.

  • Threads within the same process share the Memory(heap/global), but each thread has its own stack and registers, and threads store thread-specific data in the heap. Threads never execute independently, so the inter-thread communication is much faster when compared to inter-process communication.

    • each thread has its own stack, having its own stack allow to have its own execuation context.



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